ABSTRACT Background: Iron overload is frequent in patients with chronic liver disease, associated with shorter survival after liver transplantation in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis. Its effect on patients without hereditary hemochromatosis is unclear. The aim of the study was to study the clinical impact of iron overload in patients who underwent liver transplantation at an academic tertiary referral center. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study including all patients without hereditary hemochromatosis who underwent liver transplantation from 2015 to 2017 at an academic tertiary referral center in Mexico City. Explant liver biopsies were reprocessed to obtain the histochemical hepatic iron index, considering a score ≥ 0.15 as iron overload. Baseline characteristics were compared between patients with and without iron overload. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, compared with the log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Of 105 patients included, 45% had iron overload. Viral and metabolic etiologies, alcohol consumption, and obesity were more frequent in patients with iron overload than in those without iron overload (43% vs. 21%, 32% vs. 22%, p = 0.011; 34% vs. 9%, p = 0.001; and 32% vs. 12%, p = 0.013, respectively). Eight patients died within 90 days after liver transplantation (one with iron overload). Complication rate was higher in patients with iron overload versus those without iron overload (223 vs. 93 events/100 person-months; median time to any complication of 2 vs. 3 days, p = 0.043), without differences in complication type. Fatality rate was lower in patients with iron overload versus those without iron overload (0.7 vs. 4.5 deaths/100 person-months, p = 0.055). Conclusion: Detecting iron overload might identify patients at risk of early complications after liver transplantation. Further studies are required to understand the role of iron overload in survival.

Resumen En sus inicios la producción de tequila utilizó diferentes especies de agaves, con el tiempo el Agave tequilana Weber se consolidó como especie única por presentar mejores características para su cultivo y producción de azúcares. La Barranca del Río Santiago es considerada como el lugar de origen de la planta de Agave tequilana y del proceso de elaboración de la bebida que hoy se conoce con el nombre tequila. A partir de lo declarado por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación la Ciencia y la Cultura, el paisaje agavero y las antiguas instalaciones industriales de tequila como patrimonio cultural de la humanidad. La caracterización espacial y temporal de la información climatológica y edáfica disponible para una región en particular permite comprender el tipo de manejo que los agricultores practican sobre sus cultivos, evaluar sus restricciones y posibles efectos en la producción y en el medio ambiente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer las condiciones ambientales bajo las cuales se distribuyen las plantaciones actuales y potenciales del cultivo de A. tequilana en el Cañón del Río Santiago y de manera específica la parte que incluye el paisaje agavero. Se detectó que en la barranca más de 50% de las plantaciones de agave se localizaron en terrenos escarpados sin prácticas de conservación de suelo lo que provoca su pérdida y contaminación con agroquímicos al ecosistema barranqueño, considerado como un atractivo natural a conservar dentro del paisaje agavero.

Abstract In its beginnings the production of tequila used different species of agaves, over time Agave tequilana Weber consolidated itself as a unique species for presenting better characteristics for its cultivation and production of sugars. The Ravine of the Santiago River is considered the place of origin of the Agave tequilana plant and of the preparation process of the drink that is now known as Tequila. Based on what was declared by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the Agave Landscape and the Ancient Industrial Facilities of Tequila as cultural heritage of humanity. The spatial and temporal characterization of the climatological and edaphic information available for a particular region allows understanding the type of management that farmers practice on their crops, evaluating their restrictions and possible effects on production and the environment. The objective of this work was to know the environmental conditions under which the current and potential plantations of the A. tequilana crop are distributed in the Canyon of the Santiago River and specifically the part that includes the agave landscape. It was detected that in the ravine more than 50% of the agave plantations were in steep terrain without soil conservation practices, which causes its loss and contamination with agrochemicals to the ravine ecosystem, considered as a natural attraction to be conserved within the Agave Landscape.

Abstract The objective of the present research was to update the climate map of the state of Jalisco according to the Köppen-García climate classification, based on high-resolution (90 m) raster climate images and a climate-potential vegetation correspondence adjustment. We worked with daily, monthly and annual climatic data from 154 meteorological stations in the state of Jalisco and 151 stations in neighboring states. The data correspond to the 1961-2014 series in the case of the Jalisco stations and the 1961-2010 series for neighboring states. With this information, raster images were obtained for the classification of the climate with the Köppen-García method, through interpolation processes implemented with the Anusplin method. In the Idrisi system and using map algebra routines, the climate map of Jalisco was obtained at the climatic type and subtype level. Said map was corrected taking into account the correspondence of the climates obtained with the potential vegetation according to COTECOCA. The results showed an 84% correspondence between climates and vegetation types and only 16% of the climatic polygons were corrected. Twenty-nine climatic variants were obtained, of which dry or semi-arid climates represent 13.78% of the state territory, warm humid Aw 21.77%, semi-warm humid A(C)w 4.45%, semi-warm humid (A)C(w) 41.67%, temperate humid Cw 18.33% and cold E, 0.001%. In descending order, the number of climates by region was: South Region 21, Western Sierra Coast 19, Amula Sierra 18, North 14, Southeast 13, South Coast 12, Altos Sur 11, Valles 10, Lagunas 9, Centro 8, Altos Norte 7 and Ciénega 7. It is concluded that the state of Jalisco has a thermal gradient from warm to cold, including semi-warm and temperate, and a semi-arid to sub-humid monsoon through a humidity gradient. The authors consider that the climatic maps obtained can be useful in applications for various areas, such as agriculture, soil science, ecology and environmental sciences.

Resumen El objetivo de la presente investigación fue actualizar el mapa de climas del estado de Jalisco de acuerdo con la clasificación climática Köppen-García, con base en imágenes raster climáticas de alta resolución (90 m) y un ajuste por correspondencia climas-vegetación potencial. Se trabajó con datos climáticos diarios, mensuales y anuales de 154 estaciones meteorológicas del estado de Jalisco y 151 estaciones de estados vecinos. Los datos corresponden a la serie 1961-2014 en el caso de las estaciones de Jalisco y la serie 1961-2010 para estados vecinos. Con esta información se obtuvieron imágenes raster para la clasificación del clima con el método Köppen-García, mediante procesos de interpolación implementados con el método Anusplin. En el sistema Idrisi y utilizando rutinas de álgebra de mapas, se obtuvo el mapa de climas de Jalisco a nivel de tipo y subtipo climático. Dicho mapa se corrigió atendiendo a la correspondencia de los climas obtenidos con la vegetación potencial según COTECOCA. Los resultados mostraron correspondencia de 84% entre climas y tipos de vegetación y sólo 16% de los polígonos climáticos fueron corregidos. Se obtuvieron 29 variantes climáticas, de las cuales, los climas secos o semiáridos representan 13.78% del territorio estatal, cálido húmedos Aw el 21.77%, semicálidos húmedos A(C)w el 4.45%, semicálidos húmedos (A)C(w) el 41.67%, templados húmedos Cw el 18.33% y fríos E, el 0.001%. En orden descendente, el número de climas por región fue: Región Sur 21, Costa Sierra Occidental 19, Sierra de Amula 18, Norte 14, Sureste 13, Costa Sur 12, Altos Sur 11, Valles 10, Lagunas 9, Centro 8, Altos Norte 7 y Ciénega 7. Se concluye que el estado de Jalisco posee un gradiente térmico de cálido a frío, incluyendo la semicálida y templada y por un gradiente de humedad la semiárida hasta la subhúmeda monzónica. Los autores consideran que los mapas climáticos obtenidos, pueden ser útiles en aplicaciones para diversas áreas, como la agricultura, edafología, ecología y ciencias ambientales.

As lesões glaucomatosas são progressivas e irreversíveis. Estudos sobre o aparecimento e comportamento desta enfermidade vêm sendo discutidos na oftalmologia em geral. O diagnóstico precoce é de extrema importância para o tratamento e estabilização da mesma. A análise da espessura da camada de fibras nervosas retinianas ''in vivo'' foi proposta na oftalmologia humana, para estabelecer as alterações produzidas pelo glaucoma, e tem demonstrado que tais alterações podem ser detectadas até seis anos antes de alterações de campo visual e aumento de pressão intraocular. Entretanto, na Medicina Veterinária, estes dados carecem de estudo e discussão. Neste experimento foram utilizados dois grupos de cães, com olhos normais e olhos glaucomatosos, que foram submetidos à análise das fibras nervosas retinianas através do Analisador de Fibras Nervosas GDx. Os resultados estatísticos demonstraram que a camada de fibras nervosas dos olhos dos cães glaucomatosos estava mais delgada (p < 0,05) quando comparados aos olhos de cães normais, confirmando a perda de axônios das células ganglionares em olhos de cães com glaucoma.

Once the glaucomatous damage is progressive and irreversible, studies on the glaucoma onset as well as its development have been discussed. It is known that the early diagnostisis is extremely important to the stabilization and treatment. The retinal nerve fibers layer thickness analysis ''in vivo'' was proposed in human ophthalmology in order to establish the thickness changing, due to glaucoma, and have shown that such findings can be even detected six years priors to the first clinical signs. However, in Veterinary Medicine, such data need to be investigated and discussed. This study used two groups of dogs, a glaucomatous group and a normal group, that had been submitted to the retinal nerve fibers layer analysis through the GDx Nerve Fiber Analyzer. Statistical data showed that the nerve fiber layer of the glaucomatous group was thinner (p < 0.05), sustaining ganglion cells axons loss in glaucomatous eyes, compared to normal eyes.